ESC FRANKFURT 1957 (2ª)

1957

  • Dates – Grand Final: Sunday, 03 March 1957 – 20:00 CET
  • Host – Venue & Location: Großer Sendesaal des Hessischen Rundfunks (HR Sendesaal), Frankfurt am Main, 🇩🇪 Germany
  • Presenter (s): Anaïd Iplicjian
  • Musical director: Willy Berking
  • Director: Michael Kehlmann
  • Executive Producer:
  • Executive Supervisor:
  • Multicamera Director:
  • Host broadcaster: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rundfunkanstalten Deutschland (ARD) (ARD[a], Hessischer Rundfunk (HR))
  • Interval Act:
  • Participants – Number of entries: 10 [🇧🇪 Belgium (2ª), 🇫🇷 France (2ª), 🇩🇪 Germany (2ª), 🇮🇹 Italy (2ª), 🇱🇺 Luxembourg (2ª), 🇳🇱 The Netherlands (2ª), 🇨🇭 Switzerland (2ª), 🇦🇹 Austria (1ª), 🇩🇰 Denmark (1ª), 🇬🇧 United Kindom (1ª)] 
  • Debuting countries: 🇦🇹 Austria (1ª), 🇩🇰 Denmark (1ª), 🇬🇧 United Kindom (1ª)
  • Return:
  • Non-returning countries:
  • Vote – Voting system: Ten-member juries in each country; each member gave one vote to their favourite song. Each participating country had 10 jury members, and each jury member could award one point to one song. A total of 100 points. 
  • Nil Points:
  • Winning song: 1f3c6 “Net als toen” – Corry Brokken – 🇳🇱 The Netherlands (1ª)

About. The 1957 Eurovision Song Contest was held in Frankfurt am Main, Germany after Switzerland declined to host the contest for a second time.

The first gimmicks appear. The 1957 Eurovision Song Contest was hosted by the Hessischer Rundfunk on behalf of Deutsches Fernsehen ARD. Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom entered the contest for the first time, joining the other seven participating countries from the previous year. Despite the fact that an increasing number of Europeans had access to television, the contest was still mainly a radio programme at this time.

In a change to the contest the year before, duos were allowed into the competition. Danish duo Birthe Wilke and Gustav Winckler shocked the audience with their passionate on-screen kiss, the longest in the history of the contest. Germany’s entry, performed by Margot Hielscher featured a telephone during the performance, the first gimmick to appear at the Eurovision Song Contest. 

The Netherlands wins. For the first time the Netherlands won the contest with the song “Net Als Toen”, performed by Corry Brokken who also represented her country in Lugano the year before. Corry went on to present the contest in 1976 and delivered the Dutch votes at the 1997 contest. She passed away in 2016 at the age of 83.

Facts & figures:  The participating countries were represented by one song each, but the duration of the songs varied. The UK entry lasted for only 1:52 minutes, whereas the Italian lasted for 5:09 minutes. Even though the rules suggested that a song should not exceed three minutes, the Italian entry was not disqualified despite heavy protests. The incident lead to the restriction of each song to last a maximum of three minutes; Unlike the previous year, national juries could not vote for their own song, a rule that still applies today.

r/o  country  participant (s) song – TRAnslate – language Points  rank
01 🇧🇪 Belgium INR Bobbejaan Schoepen Straatdeuntje (Street tune) Dutch 005 08
02 🇱🇺 Luxembourg CLT  Danièle Dupré Amours mortes (tant de peine) [Dead love (so much sorrow)] French 008 04
03 🇬🇧 United Kingdom BBC Patricia Bredin All English 006 07
04 🇮🇹 Italy RAI Nunzio Gallo Corde delle mia chitarra (Strings of my guitar) Italian 007 06
05 Bob Martin Wohin, kleines Pony? (Where to, little pony?) German 003 10
06 🇳🇱 The Netherlands NTS Corry Brokken Net als toen (Just like then) Dutch 031 01
07 🇩🇪 Germany ARD Margot Hielscher Telefon, telefon (Telephone, telephone) German [b] 008 04
08 🇫🇷 France RTF Paule Desjardins La belle amour (Beautiful love) French 017 02
09 Birthe Wilke & Gustav Winckler Skibet skal sejle i nat (The ship will sail tonight) Danish 010 03
10 🇨🇭 Switzerland SSR SRG Lys Assia L’enfant que j’étais (The child I was) French 005 08

Participation map

Transmitirá a 2º semifinal noutro horário. Participating countries  

ESC 1957 Scoreboard Ι Detailed voting results:

Scoreboard - Eurovision Song Contest 1957

The Eurovision Song Contest 1957 was the second edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Hessischer Rundfunk (HR) on behalf of ARD, the contest, originally known as the Grand Prix Eurovision de la Chanson Européenne 1957 (English: Grand Prix of the Eurovision Song Contest 1957) was held on 3 March 1957 at the Großer Sendesaal des hessischen Rundfunks in Frankfurt, West Germany and hosted by German actress Anaid Iplicjian.

Ten countries took part, with Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom competing for the first time and joining the original seven participating countries from the first contest in 1956. A number of changes to the rules from the previous year’s event were enacted, with each country now represented by only one song, which could be performed by up to two performers on stage. The voting system received an overhaul, with each country’s jury now comprising ten individuals who could award one vote to their favourite song. The results of the voting were now conducted in public, with a scoreboard introduced to allow the process to be followed by viewers and listeners at home. Jurors were also for the first time not allowed to vote for the song from their own country.

The winner of the contest was the Netherlands, with the song “Net als toen” performed by Corry Brokken. This was Brokken’s second appearance as a participant, after previously representing the Netherlands in 1956; her victory marked the first of five Dutch wins in the contest.

Großer Sendesaal des hessischen Rundfunks, Frankfurt – venue of the 1957 contest.

1.Location. The 1957 contest took place in Frankfurt, West Germany. The selected venue was the Großer Sendesaal des hessischen Rundfunks, a music hall and former broadcasting studio located in the Dornbusch district, and part of the wider Broadcasting House Dornbusch which serves as the headquarters and main broadcasting facility of the German public broadcaster for the state of Hesse, Hessischer Rundfunk (HR). The contest was held in front of an audience of around 400 people.

A new plan for staging the event was invoked ahead of the 1957 contest, with a different broadcaster organising the contest each year, after Switzerland’s SRG SSR, which had both hosted the contest and provided the winning entry in 1956, declined to stage it for a second time. Germany was subsequently selected to host the second edition, after Hans-Otto Grünefeldt, TV program director at HR, offered to organise it on behalf of ARD.[a]

2.Format. The contest was hosted by German actress Anaid Iplicjian. The stage built in the Großer Sendesaal featured a staircase for each artist and conductor to make their entrance, and a harp-shaped background, the centre of which contained a removable background allowing for a different graphic to be used for each nation’s performance. The entire contest, including the performances and voting, lasted around one hour in total.

A number of changes from the rules of the previous year’s contest were enacted in 1957. Each country was now permitted to send only one song to compete, as opposed to the maximum of two in 1956. Up to two people were now allowed on stage during the performance – only solo artists were permitted to compete previously – however no other vocal backing was allowed.

A new voting system was introduced, with ten individuals in each country giving one vote to their favourite song, with no abstentions allowed. In an additional change to the 1956 rules, jurors were not allowed to vote for the song from their own country. A scoreboard was introduced for the first time, and the voting process was now included as part of the broadcast, rather than conducted in secret as in 1956. This new aspect of the contest was inspired by the United Kingdom’s Festival of British Popular Songs, which included voting by regional juries and the points received shown on a scoreboard, a telerecording of which was viewed by EBU organisers. Subsequently, in a change from 1956 when the jurors were co-located to the contest venue, each jury assembled in their own country to follow the contest on television and were then contacted by telephone by the contest’s presenter in order to receive their votes.

Each song, as in 1956, was required to last no longer than three minutes and 30 seconds, however several of the competing entries went beyond this limit. Italy’s song, which lasted for five minutes and nine seconds, remains the longest song in the contest’s history and, despite heavy protest, was not disqualified. Conversely, the United Kingdom’s first entry lasted for one minute and 53 seconds in total, and remained the shortest song to compete in the contest until 2015. Subsequently the restriction on song length was more strictly monitored from 1958 onwards.

Awards were presented to the winning artist and songwriters for the first time, taking the form of a medallion engraved with the Eurovision logo, which were awarded at the end of the broadcast Eberhard Beckmann, director of Hessischer Rundfunk.

3.Participating countries. Ten countries participated in the 1957 contest, with the seven countries which took park in the first contest being joined by Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom in their first appearances. Austria and Denmark had originally planned to compete in 1956, but missed the cut-off date for entry.

3.1.Conductors. Each country was allowed to nominate their own musical director to lead the orchestra during the performance of their country’s entry, with the host musical director, Willy Berking, also conducting for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor. The conductors listed below led the orchestra during the performance for the indicated countries.

  • 🇧🇪 Belgium – Willy Berking
  • 🇱🇺 Luxembourg – Willy Berking
  • 🇬🇧 United Kingdom – Eric Robinson
  • 🇮🇹 Italy – Armando Trovajoli
  • 🇦🇹 Austria – Carl de Groof
  • 🇳🇱 The Netherlands – Dolf van der Linden
  • 🇩🇪 Germany – Willy Berking
  • 🇫🇷 France – Paul Durand
  • 🇩🇰 Denmark – Kai Mortensen
  • 🇨🇭 Switzerland – Willy Berking

3.2.Returning artists. 

Artist

Country

Previous year(s)

Lys Assia

🇨🇭 Switzerland

1956

Corry Brokken 🇳🇱 The Netherlands

1956

3.3.Participants and results. Two of the participating artists, Switzerland’s Lys Assia and the Netherlands’ Corry Brokken, had previously competed at the 1956 contest. Brokken was one of the two Dutch participants in that year’s contest, competing with the song “Voorgoed voorbij“, while Assia had performed both of Switzerland’s entries, “Das alte Karussell” and “Refrain“, the latter of which had won the contest.

Notable among this year’s participants were Denmark’s Birthe Wilke and Gustav Winckler, the first duo to compete in the contest, who made an impact with a passionate on-screen kiss at the end of their performance; and Germany’s Margot Hielscher, the first Eurovision act to use a prop during their performance, in this instance a telephone.

3.4.All the national selections for Eurovision Song Contest 1957: 

• National Selections in 1957:

COUNTRY EVENT WINNER
🇧🇪 Belgium De T.V. Maakt Muziek (song selection) [c] Bobbejaan Schoepen – “Straatdeuntje” 
🇩🇰 Denmark Melodi Grand Prix 1957 Birthe Wilke & Gustav Winckler – “Skibet skal sejle i nat
🇫🇷 France Sept Villes, un Chanson (song selection) [d] Paule Desjardins – “La belle amour” 
🇩🇪 Germany Zwei auf einem Pferd Margot Hielscher – “Telefon, Telefon
🇮🇹 Italy Sanremo 1957 Nunzio Gallo – “Corde della mia chitarra
🇳🇱 The Netherlands Nationaal Songfestival 1957 Corry Brokken – “Net als toen
🇨🇭 Switzerland Concours Eurovision 1957 Lys Assia – “L’enfant que j’étais
🇬🇧 United Kingdom Festival Of British Popular Songs [e] Patricia Bredin – “All”

• Internal Selections in 1957: 

🇦🇹 Austria Bob Martin – “Wohin, kleines Pony?
🇱🇺 Luxembourg Danièle Dupré – “Amours mortes (tant de peine)

3.5.Connections:

Connections Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1957
# Artist Backing Composers Lyricists Conductor
01 Bobbejaan Schoepen Harry Frékin Eric Franssen Willy Berking:

  • Germany 1966: Die Zeiger der Uhr (conductor)
  • Germany 1964: Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne (conductor)
  • Germany 1963: Marcel (conductor)
  • Belgium 1957: Straatdeuntje (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1957: Amours mortes (Tant de peine) (conductor)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (conductor)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (conductor)
02 Danièle Dupré Jean-Pierre Kemmer Jacques Taber Willy Berking:

  • Germany 1966: Die Zeiger der Uhr (conductor)
  • Germany 1964: Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne (conductor)
  • Germany 1963: Marcel (conductor)
  • Belgium 1957: Straatdeuntje (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1957: Amours mortes (Tant de peine) (conductor)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (conductor)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (conductor)
03 Patricia Bredin Reynell Wreford Alan Stranks Eric Robinson:

  • United Kingdom 1965: I belong (conductor)
  • United Kingdom 1963: Say wonderful things (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1963: Een speeldoos (conductor)
  • Switzerland 1963: T’en vas pas (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1963: À force de prier (conductor)
  • United Kingdom 1960: Looking high, high, high (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1960: So laang we’s du do bast (conductor)
  • United Kingdom 1959: Sing little birdie (conductor)
  • United Kingdom 1957: All (conductor)
04 Nunzio Gallo Piero Gozio Mario Ruccione Giuseppe Fiorelli Armando Trovajoli
05 Bob Martin Kurt Svab . Kurt Svab

. Hans Werner

Carl de Groof
06 Corry Brokken:

  • The Netherlands 1958: Heel de wereld (solo)
  • The Netherlands 1957: Net als toen (solo)
  • The Netherlands 1956: Voorgoed voorbij (solo)
Sem Nijveen

 

Guus Jansen Willy van Hemert:

  • The The Netherlands 1960: Wat een geluk (lyricist)
  • The The Netherlands 1959: Een beetje (lyricist)
  • The The Netherlands 1957: Net als toen (lyricist)
Dolf van der Linden:

  • The Netherlands 1971: Tijd (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1970: Waterman (conductor)
  • Ireland 1970: All kinds of everything (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1968: Morgen (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1967: Ring-dinge-ding (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1966: Fernando en Filippo (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1965: ‘t Is genoeg (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1964: Jij bent mijn leven (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1962: Katinka (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1961: Wat een dag (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1960: Wat een geluk (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1959: Een beetje (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1958: Heel de wereld (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1958: Un grand amour (conductor)
  • Sweden 1958: Lilla stjärna (conductor)
  • Belgium 1958: Ma petite chatte (conductor)
  • Germany 1958: Für zwei Groschen Musik (conductor)
  • The Netherlands 1957: Net als toen (conductor)
07 Margot Hielscher:

  • Germany 1958: Für zwei Groschen Musik (solo)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (solo)
Friedrich Meyer:

  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (composer)
  • Germany 1958: Für zwei Groschen Musik (composer)
 Ralph Maria Siegel:

  • Denmark 1963: Der Sommer ging vorü (lyricist ber version)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (lyricist)
Willy Berking:

  • Germany 1966: Die Zeiger der Uhr (conductor)
  • Germany 1964: Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne (conductor)
  • Germany 1963: Marcel (conductor)
  • Belgium 1957: Straatdeuntje (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1957: Amours mortes (Tant de peine) (conductor)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (conductor)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (conductor)
08 Paule Desjardins Guy Lafarge Francis Carco Paul Durand
09 Birthe Wilke & Gustav Winckler:

Birthe Wilke:

  • Denmark 1959: Uh, jeg ville ønske, jeg var dig (solo)
  • Denmark 1957: Skibet skal sejle i nat (with Gustav Winckler)
Erik Fiehn Poul Sørensen Kai Mortensen:

  • Denmark 1964: Sangen om dig (conductor)
  • Portugal 1964: Oração (conductor)
  • Denmark 1963: Dansevise (conductor)
  • Denmark 1962: Vuggevise (conductor)
  • Denmark 1961: Angelique (conductor)
  • Denmark 1960: Det var en yndig tid (conductor)
  • Denmark 1959: Uh, jeg ville ønske, jeg var dig (conductor)
  • Denmark 1958: Jeg rev et blad ud af min dagbog (conductor)
  • Denmark 1957: Skibet skal sejle i nat (conductor)
10 Lys Assia:

  •  Switzerland 1958: Giorgio (as Lys Assia, solo)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (as Lys Assia, solo)
  • Switzerland 1956: Das alte Karussell (as Lys Assia, solo)
  • Switzerland 1956: Refrain (as Lys Assia, solo)
Géo Voumard:

  • Switzerland 1963: T’en vas pas (composer)
  • Switzerland 1962: Le retour (composer)
  • Switzerland 1961: Nous aurons demain (composer)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (composer)
  • Switzerland 1956: Refrain (composer)
Émile Gardaz:

  • Switzerland 1963: T’en vas pas (lyricist)
  • Switzerland 1962: Le retour (lyricist)
  • Switzerland 1961: Nous aurons demain (lyricist)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (lyricist)
  • Switzerland 1956: Refrain (lyricist)
Willy Berking:

  • Germany 1966: Die Zeiger der Uhr (conductor)
  • Germany 1964: Man gewöhnt sich so schnell an das Schöne (conductor)
  • Germany 1963: Marcel (conductor)
  • Belgium 1957: Straatdeuntje (conductor)
  • Luxembourg 1957: Amours mortes (Tant de peine) (conductor)
  • Germany 1957: Telefon, Telefon (conductor)
  • Switzerland 1957: L’enfant que j’étais (conductor)

4.Voting. Jury voting was used to determine the results of the contest. Each country’s jury included ten members, who each awarded one vote to their favourite song. No abstentions were allowed and members were not allowed to vote for the song from their own country. Each participating country had 10 jury members, and each jury member could award one point to one song. A total of 100 points. The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in reverse order to the order in which each country performed.

Voting results in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957

  Total score Elveția Danemarca Franța Germania Țările de Jos Danemarca Italia Regatul Unit Luxemburg Belgia
C

o

n

t

e

s

t

a

n

t

s

🇧🇪 Belgium 5 1 2 2
🇱🇺 Luxembourg 8 3 4 1
🇬🇧 United Kingdom 6 2 1 1 1 1
🇮🇹 Italy 7 1 2 2 1 1
🇦🇹 Austria 3 1 2
🇳🇱 The Netherlands 31 7 3 4 1 6 1 1 3 5
🇩🇪 Germany 8 6 1 1
🇫🇷 France 17 2 6 1 2 4 2
🇩🇰 Denmark 10 5 3 2
🇨🇭Switzerland 5 2 1 1 1

4.1.Spokespersons. Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing the votes for their respective country via telephone. Known spokespersons at the 1957 contest are listed below.

  • 🇳🇱 The Netherlands – Siebe van der Zee

5.Broadcasts. Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as “passive participants”. Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

The 1957 contest is the earliest edition to exist in full in the EBU’s archives, as the 1956 edition has survived solely through audio recordings, with some missing segments, and limited video footage of the winning reprise performance through newsreel and other recordings.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster(s) Commentator(s)
🇦🇹 Austria ORF Unknown
🇧🇪 Belgium NIR Unknown
INR Unknown
🇩🇰 Denmark Statsradiofonien TV Svend Pedersen
Program 2
🇫🇷 France RTF Robert Beauvais
Paris-Inter Unknown
🇩🇪 Germany Deutsches Fernsehen Unknown
🇮🇹 Italy Programma Nazionale Unknown
Secondo Programma Unknown
🇱🇺 Luxembourg Télé-Luxembourg Unknown
🇳🇱 The Netherlands NTS Piet te Nuyl Jr.
🇨🇭 Switzerland SRG Unknown
TSR Robert Beauvais
Radio Beromünster Unknown
Radio Sottens Unknown
Radio Monte Ceneri Unknown
🇬🇧 United Kingdom BBC Television Service Berkeley Smith
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster(s) Commentator(s)
 Monaco Radio Monte-Carlo Unknown
🇸🇪 Sweden Sveriges TV Nils Linnman

6.Notes.

  • [a] a b Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – “Working group of public broadcasters of the Federal Republic of Germany”
  • [b] The song also contains words in English, French, Italian and Spanish.
  • [c] Bobbejaan Schoepen was internally selected to represent Belgium at Eurovision 1957. The song “Straatdeuntje” that Bobbejaan performed at Eurovision was selected through a national final with three songs.
  • [d] France held a national selection to choose the song for Eurovision Song Contest 1957. A total of six shows took place, and each song was performed by two different artists. The winner of each show was chosen by a regional jury. After the six shows, a professional jury selected the song “La belle amour” for Eurovision 1957 was performed by Josette Privat / Paul Durand Orchestra. The song was selected among the six show’s winners without the Final being aired – just three days before Eurovision 1957. Paule Desjardins was internally selected to sing “La belle amour” in Frankfurt.
  • [e] United Kingdom held a national selection to choose the song for Eurovision Song Contest 1957. Each of the six songs were performed by two artists. “All” was performed by Malcolm Lockyer Quartet / Patricia Bredin. After the show, the BBC internally chose Patricia Bredin to sing “All” in Frankfurt.

7.Trivial / Fun facts:

  • The participating countries were represented by one song each, but the duration of the songs varied. The UK entry lasted for only 1:52 minutes, whereas the Italian lasted for 5:09 minutes. Even though the rules suggested that a song should not exceed three minutes, the Italian entry was not disqualified despite heavy protests. The incident lead to the restriction of each song to last a maximum of three minutes. Another change was that the National juries could not vote for their own song anymore, a rule that still applies today.
  • The longest song in Eurovision Song Contest is Italy’s “Corde Della Mia Chitarra” from 1957: 5 minutes and 9 seconds. After the contest, the rules were tightened so songs couldn’t be longer than 3.5 minutes initially and later 3 minutes.
  • Eurovision Song Contest is normally held every year in May. The earliest Eurovision date was in 1957, on 3rd March and the latest was in 1999 and 2010 when it was held on 29th May.
  • The first scandal in Eurovision history occurred in 1957 where the Danish singers Birthe Wilke and Gustav Winckler kissed for 11 seconds in the end of the song. Generating a furious reaction.

← Eurovision Song Contest 1956 • Eurovision Song Contest 1957 • Eurovision Song Contest 1958 →

Countries (in order of appearance)

Final Belgium ⦁ Luxembourg ⦁ United Kingdom ⦁ Italy ⦁ Austria ⦁ The Netherlands (winner) ⦁ Germany ⦁ France ⦁ Denmark ⦁ Switzerland

Artists (in order of appearance)

Final Bobbejaan Schoepen ⦁ Danièle Dupré ⦁ Patricia Bredin ⦁ Nunzio Gallo ⦁ Bob Martin ⦁ Corry Brokken (winner) ⦁ Margot Hielscher ⦁ Paule Desjardins ⦁ Birthe Wilke and Gustav Winckler ⦁ Lys Assia

Songs (in order of appearance)

Final Straatdeuntje” ⦁ “Amours mortes (tant de peine)” ⦁ “All” ⦁ “Corde della mia chitarra” ⦁ “Wohin, kleines Pony?” ⦁ “Net als toen” (winner) ⦁ “Telefon, Telefon” ⦁ “La belle amour” ⦁ “Skibet skal sejle i nat” ⦁ “L’enfant que j’étais